C
Captain Scumbag
Guest
The term has a really intriguing history, doesn't it?Meritocracy was considered a joke until fairly recently in political history. I think we have to unpack what meritocracy means in real terms. Meritocracy is a pernicious and very new concept in mainstream political circles and it's something that has only entered into common-sense thinking as a key component of neo-liberalism: cultivation of the entrepreneurial subject, competency-based education, the recession of the public sector and the annihilation of the welfare state.
For those who don't know (a group that included me until about 3-4 years ago), it was coined by Michael Young, a left-wing sociologist who co-wrote Labour's 1945 General Election manifesto and subsequently served in Atlee's government. The term first appeared in The Rise of the Meritocracy, a satirical essay Young wrote in the late 1950s. I won't bore everyone with a synopsis. Suffice it to point out that the poor misunderstood sod didn't much like the idea. Crudely put, he thought a truly meritocratic society would perpetuate and exacerbate inequality. For him a fully developed meritocracy was a form of dystopia; his neologism was, to put it mildly, intended as a pejorative. Fast forward 40 years or so (to when I started taking an interest in politics) and it had become a largely unquestioned political ideal, an uncontroversial aspiration shared across the UK political spectrum. Think, for example, about how it underpins almost all discourse about social mobility.
So, sure, there's an amusing irony there.
But I'm not sure I agree with your claim that meritocracy was “considered a joke until fairly recently". No doubt the literary origins of the term (along with the concerns of the author) were more widely known 30-40 years ago, and no doubt neoliberalism has something to do with how little the concept is questioned today; but Young was writing satirically about it back in 1958, a few decades before neoliberalism really became a thing, which suggests it was already a part of intellectual fashion at that time. Wasn’t the idea already deeply entrenched in British society through things like the English grammar school system and plural voting? Isn’t there a whole raft of meritocratic-type ideas that can be traced back to the nineteenth century (at least) and various strands of Social Darwinism.
Toby Young’s dad and a smattering of left-wing intellectuals and activists might have thought the idea a joke (or something at least worth writing a premonitory satire about), but did anyone else?
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